Asset Publisher
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) Inhibitor Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Program Summary
Policy Number: PH-91236
This program applies to Blue Partner, Commercial, GenPlus, NetResults A series, SourceRx and Health Insurance Marketplace formularies.
POLICY REVIEW CYCLE
Effective Date |
Date of Origin |
07-01-2025 |
04-01-2025 |
FDA LABELED INDICATIONS AND DOSAGE
Agent(s) |
FDA Indication(s) |
Notes |
Ref# |
Nemluvio® (nemolizumab-ilto) Subcutaneous injection |
Treatment of adults with prurigo nodularis Treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in combination with topical corticosteroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors when the disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies |
|
1 |
See package insert for FDA prescribing information: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm
CLINICAL RATIONALE
Prurigo Nodularis (PN) |
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a skin disorder that is defined by the presence of chronic pruritus and multiple elevated, firm, and nodular lesions. PN is more common in older adults but can occur in children. The underlying cause of PN is unknown, but it appears neural and immunologic processes both play a role in its development. The nodules form in a subset of patients that have chronic pruritus, with the nodules forming in areas with continuous scratching over prolonged periods of time. There is significant disease burden associated with PN including sleep disruption, anxiety, and depression. The nodules are typically firm, dome-shaped, and itchy and range in size from millimeters to several centimeters. The nodules can range in color from flesh tones to brown/black and can range in number from a few to hundreds. The pruritus associated with PN can range from sporadic to continuous, and generally the underlying cause is unknown. There are a number of conditions, both dermatologic and other diseases, that are associated with PN, such as atopic dermatitis, kidney disease, diabetes, and HIV.(2) The diagnosis of PN is generally one of exclusion. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) indicates that the diagnostic workup should include a clinical examination with a complete review of systems and assessment of PN severity, which should include both disease burden (e.g., quality of life, sleep disturbances) and pruritus intensity. The AAD notes three core features associated with PN:(2)
Management requires a multifaceted approach with a focus on reducing pruritus, interrupting the itch-scratch cycle, and healing lesions.(2) General measures that should be used at baseline include gentle skin care, moisturizers, and antipruritic emollients.(2,3) Treatment may need to address both the neural and immunologic components of pruritus based on patient signs and symptoms, and often involves the use of topical and systemic therapies.(4) Most therapies for PN have not been adequately studied, and their evidence for use is based on small clinical trials, observational studies, and case reports.(2) Topical therapies are the initial treatment for limited disease. Topical corticosteroids (TCS) target the immunologic component of PN.(2) The International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI) 2020 guideline on chronic prurigo including prurigo nodularis strongly recommends moderate to very potent topical corticosteroids on lesional skin.(3) Intralesional corticosteroids may be directly injected into thicker lesions where required, but use should be limited to patients with less than 10 lesions. Topical calcineurin inhibitors and topical calcipotriol have also been used in patients who failed TCS therapy and a prolonged course of a topical immunomodulator is desired. Topical capsaicin, which targets the neural component of PN, has limited clinical evidence and tends to have short term efficacy.(2) Systemic therapies are used for widespread disease or disease refractory to topical therapy.(2,4) Phototherapy is reasonably tolerated and addresses both the immunologic and neural components of PN.(2) However, phototherapy combined with topical therapy will not be adequate for most patients, and the majority will require supplemental systemic therapy.(4) Oral immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate and cyclosporine, have shown to reduce pruritus and heal lesions per limited data available. Methotrexate is generally preferred due to its more favorable side effect profile in comparison to cyclosporine, and cyclosporine should only be considered in more severe cases.(2,4) Other systemic therapies that have shown to be less efficacious and treat the neural component of PN include thalidomide, gabapentin, pregabalin, antidepressants, aprepitant, and naltrexone.(2) Since PN is a nonhistaminergic condition, antihistamines are unlikely to be effective and are not recommended.(2,4) Biologic agents are the first therapies to gain approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of PN. These immunomodulating drugs are believed to target molecules expressed by specific cell types that release a variety of itching mediators that directly or indirectly stimulate receptors on nerve endings in the skin. Biologic agents disrupt this cycle and have been proven to alleviate both pruritus and PN lesions.(4) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) |
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory dermatosis affecting up to 25% of children and 1-5% of adults. AD follows a relapsing course and is associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin (IgE) levels and a personal or family history of type I allergies, allergic rhinitis, and/or asthma. Onset is most common between 3 and 6 months of age, with approximately 60% of patients developing the eruption in the first year of life and 90% by age 5. While the majority of affected individuals have resolution of disease by adulthood, 10 to 30% do not, and a smaller percentage first develop symptoms as adults. AD has a complex pathogenesis involving genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors, which lead to a dysfunctional skin barrier and dysregulation of the immune system. Clinical findings include erythema, edema, xerosis, erosions/excoriations, oozing and crusting, and lichenification. These clinical findings vary by patient age and chronicity of lesions. Pruritus is a hallmark of the condition that is responsible for much of the disease burden borne by patients and their families. Typical patterns include facial, neck and extensor involvement in infants and children; flexure involvement in any age group, with sparing of groin and axillary regions.(7) Goals of treatment are to reduce symptoms (pruritus and dermatitis), prevent exacerbations, and minimize therapeutics risks.(8) Despite its relapsing and remitting nature, the majority of patients with AD can achieve clinical improvement and disease control with topical emollient/moisturizer use and conventional topical therapies (including corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors).(8,9) Moisturizers reduce signs, symptoms, and inflammation in AD, and can improve severity while also increasing time between flares. Moisturizers are considered generally safe and are strongly recommended to be used as part of a treatment regimen for AD, either as monotherapy or as concurrent use with pharmacologic treatments.(10) Topical therapies remain the mainstay of treatment due to their proven track record and generally favorable safety profile. They can be utilized individually or in combination with other topical, physical, and/or systemic treatments; as different classes of treatment have different mechanisms of action, combining therapies allows for the targeting of AD via multiple disease pathways. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) strongly recommends the following topical agents:(10)
TCS are the most commonly utilized FDA-approved therapies in AD and are commonly used as first-line treatment for mild-to severe dermatitis in all skin regions. TCS target a variety of immune cells and suppress the release of proinflammatory cytokines. High to very high (super) potency TCS can be used to control flares and treat severe disease, while medium potency TCS are utilized for longer courses and as maintenance therapy. Lower potency TCS may be used, and it is important to consider the anatomical site (i.e., using lower potency agents on the face, neck, genitals, and body folds) and severity of the disease when choosing a steroid potency. Most studies of TCS in AD management involve twice daily application, but some studies (particularly for potent TCS) suggest once daily use may be sufficient. Traditionally, TCS were stopped once AD signs and symptoms of an AD flare were controlled. Maintenance in between AD flares with once to twice weekly use of TCS is another approach.(10) TCIs are a safe anti-inflammatory option for mild-to-severe AD, particularly when there is concern for adverse events secondary to corticosteroid use. Both tacrolimus and pimecrolimus have been shown to be effective in treating AD, but pimecrolimus may be more appropriate for patients who have milder disease or are sensitive to local reactions.(10) Prescribing information for pimecrolimus cream and tacrolimus ointment indicate evaluation after 6 weeks if symptoms of AD do not improve for adults and pediatrics.(11,12). When AD is more severe or refractory to topical treatment, advanced treatment with phototherapy or systemic medications can be considered. Phototherapy is conditionally recommended by the AAD as a treatment for AD based on low certainty evidence. The AAD strongly recommends the following systemic therapies:(9)
In a change from the 2014 AAD AD guidelines, the use of systemic antimetabolites such as methotrexate, immunosuppressants such as systemic corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclosporine are now conditionally recommended for AD only in a small number of select patients due to low or very low certainty of evidence and need for monitoring. The most favored first-line systemic is dupilumab.(9) There is no clear consensus on how to operationalize a definition of the FDA indication for treatment of patients with "moderate to severe" AD. The severity of AD can vary substantially over time and, from a patient's perspective, can include a complex combination of intensity of itch, location, body surface area (BSA) involvement, and degree of skin impairment. Given the variability of patient phenotype and lack of familiarity among clinicians with scoring systems used in clinical trials, it is advisable to create a broad clinically relevant definition inclusive of multiple specific measures of disease intensity for example:(13) One of the following:
OR One of the following:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Efficacy |
Atopic Dermatitis Subjects in the Nemluvio group received initial subcutaneous injections of Nemluvio 60 mg, followed by 30 mg injections every 4 weeks until Week 16. Concomitant low and/or medium potency topical corticosteroids (TCS) and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) were administered for at least 14 days prior to baseline and continued during the trial. Based on disease activity, these concomitant therapies could be tapered and/or discontinued at investigator discretion.(1) Both ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2 assessed the co-primary endpoints of:(1)
The efficacy results for ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2 evaluating the initial treatment period with Nemluvio over 16 weeks are presented in the table below.(1)
After 16 weeks, subjects achieving either EASI-75 or IGA success continued into the trial maintenance period for another 32 weeks to evaluate the maintenance of response achieved at Week 16. Nemluvio responders were re-randomized to either Nemluvio 30 mg every 4 weeks, Nemluvio 30 mg every 8 weeks, or placebo every 4 weeks (all groups continued background TCS/TCI). Subjects randomized to placebo in the initial treatment period who achieved the same clinical response at Week 16 continued to receive placebo every 4 weeks.(1) Prurigo Nodularis Subjects enrolled in these two trials had an IGA score greater than or equal to 3, severe pruritus as defined by a weekly average of the PP-NRS score of greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10, and greater than or equal to 20 nodular lesions. Fifty-eight (58)% of subjects had a baseline IGA score of 3 (moderate PN), and 42% of subjects had a baseline IGA of 4 (severe PN). The baseline weekly average PP-NRS score was a mean of 8.5. Thirty-two (32)% of subjects had a history of atopy.(1) In the OLYMPIA 2 trial, 78.5% of subjects had previously used topical corticosteroids for the treatment of PN.(5) In both trials, patients were prohibited from using other therapies for PN such as topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, or systemic immunomodulators, unless they were required as a rescue medication at the discretion of the investigator.(5,6) Subjects weighing less than 90 kg in the Nemluvio group received subcutaneous injections of Nemluvio 60 mg at Week 0, followed by 30 mg injections every 4 weeks. Subjects weighing 90 kg or more in the Nemluvio group received subcutaneous injections of Nemluvio 60 mg at Week 0 and every 4 weeks.(1) Efficacy was assessed with the proportion of subjects with an improvement of greater than or equal to 4 from baseline in PP-NRS, the proportion of subjects with an IGA of 0 (Clear) or 1 (Almost Clear) and a greater than or equal to 2-point improvement from baseline, the proportion of subjects who achieved a response in both PP-NRS and IGA per the criteria described above, and the proportion of subjects with PP-NRS less than 2.(1)
In both OLYMPIA 1 and OLYMPIA 2, statistically significant improvements in itch and PN skin lesions were observed at Week 16, with some subjects achieving this as early as Week 4. Examination of weight, age, gender, race, history of atopy, and prior treatment did not identify meaningful differences in response to Nemluvio among these subgroups at Week 16.(1,5,6) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Safety |
Nemluvio is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to nemolizumab-ilto or to any of the excipients of the product.(1) |
REFERENCES
Number |
Reference |
1 |
Nemluvio prescribing information. Galderma Laboratories. December 2024. |
2 |
Elmariah S, Kim B, Berger T, et al. Practical approaches for diagnosis and management of prurigo nodularis: United States expert panel consensus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 84:747-760. |
3 |
Ständer S, Pereira MP, Berger TG, et al. IFSI-guideline on chronic prurigo including prurigo nodularis. Itch. 2020;5(4):e42. doi:10.1097/itx.0000000000000042 |
4 |
Yook HJ, Lee JH. Prurigo nodularis: Pathogenesis and the horizon of potential therapeutics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(10):1-26. doi:10.3390/ijms25105164 |
5 |
Kwatra S, Yosipovitch G, Legat F, et al. Phase 3 Trial of Nemolizumab in Patients with Prurigo Nodularis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023;389(17):1579-1589. doi:10.1056/nejmoa2301333 |
6 |
Stander S, Yosipovitch G, Legat F, et al. Nemolizumab monotherapy improves itch and skin lesions in patients with moderate-to-severe prurigo nodularis: Results from a global phase 3 trial (OLYMPIA 1). European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology; 2023. https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/m-anage.com.storage.eadv/abstracts_congress2023/39434.pdf |
7 |
Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, et al. Guidelines of Care for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis: Section 1. Diagnosis and Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Feb;70(2):338-51. |
8 |
Sidbury R, Tom WL, Bergman JN, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 4. Prevention of disease flares and use of adjunctive therapies and approaches. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Dec;71(6):1218-33. |
9 |
Davis DM, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2024;90(2):e43-e56. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2023.08.102 |
10 |
Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(1):e1-e20. |
11 |
Pimecrolimus cream prescribing information. Oceanside Pharmaceuticals. September 2020. |
12 |
Tacrolimus ointment prescribing information. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA. August 2023. |
13 |
Institute For Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). JAK Inhibitors and Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: Effectiveness and Value. Final Evidence Report. August 2021. Updated February 2023. |
POLICY AGENT SUMMARY PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
Target Brand Agent(s) |
Target Generic Agent(s) |
Strength |
Targeted MSC |
Available MSC |
Final Age Limit |
Preferred Status |
|
||||||
Nemluvio |
nemolizumab-ilto for subcutaneous auto-injector |
30 MG |
M ; N ; O ; Y |
N |
|
|
POLICY AGENT SUMMARY QUANTITY LIMIT
Target Brand Agent Name(s) |
Target Generic Agent Name(s) |
Strength |
QL Amount |
Dose Form |
Day Supply |
Duration |
Addtl QL Info |
Allowed Exceptions |
Targeted NDCs When Exclusions Exist |
|
|||||||||
Nemluvio |
nemolizumab-ilto for subcutaneous auto-injector |
30 MG |
1 |
Pen |
28 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
CLIENT SUMMARY – PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
Target Brand Agent Name(s) |
Target Generic Agent Name(s) |
Strength |
Client Formulary |
Nemluvio |
nemolizumab-ilto for subcutaneous auto-injector |
30 MG |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; GenPlus ; Health Insurance Marketplace ; NetResults A Series ; SourceRx |
CLIENT SUMMARY – QUANTITY LIMITS
Target Brand Agent Name(s) |
Target Generic Agent Name(s) |
Strength |
Client Formulary |
Nemluvio |
nemolizumab-ilto for subcutaneous auto-injector |
30 MG |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; GenPlus ; Health Insurance Marketplace ; NetResults A Series ; SourceRx |
PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CLINICAL CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL
Module |
Clinical Criteria for Approval |
||
PA |
Initial Evaluation Target Agent(s) will be approved when ALL of the following are met:
Compendia Allowed: AHFS, DrugDex 1 or 2a level of evidence, or NCCN 1 or 2a recommended use Length of Approval: 6 months for atopic dermatitis (AD), prurigo nodularis (PN); 12 months for all other indications NOTE: If Quantity Limit applies, please refer to Quantity Limit Criteria.
Renewal Evaluation Target Agent(s) will be approved when ALL of the following are met:
Length of Approval: 12 months NOTE: If Quantity Limit applies, please refer to Quantity Limit Criteria. |
QUANTITY LIMIT CLINICAL CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL
Module |
Clinical Criteria for Approval |
|
Quantity limit for the Target Agent(s) will be approved when ONE of the following is met:
Length of Approval: up to 12 months Note: If approving initial loading dose for Nemluvio for atopic dermatitis or prurigo nodularis, approve quantity for loading dose for 1 month per FDA labeling followed by maintenance dose for the remainder of the length of approval. Maintenance dosing begins 4 weeks after patient receives the loading dose. |
CONTRAINDICATION AGENTS
Contraindicated as Concomitant Therapy |
Agents NOT to be used Concomitantly Abrilada (adalimumab-afzb) |
This pharmacy policy is not an authorization, certification, explanation of benefits or a contract. Eligibility and benefits are determined on a case-by-case basis according to the terms of the member’s plan in effect as of the date services are rendered. All pharmacy policies are based on (i) information in FDA approved package inserts (and black box warning, alerts, or other information disseminated by the FDA as applicable); (ii) research of current medical and pharmacy literature; and/or (iii) review of common medical practices in the treatment and diagnosis of disease as of the date hereof. Physicians and other providers are solely responsible for all aspects of medical care and treatment, including the type, quality, and levels of care and treatment.
The purpose of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama’s pharmacy policies are to provide a guide to coverage. Pharmacy policies are not intended to dictate to physicians how to practice medicine. Physicians should exercise their medical judgment in providing the care they feel is most appropriate for their patients.
Neither this policy, nor the successful adjudication of a pharmacy claim, is guarantee of payment.
Commercial _ PS _ Interleukin_31_Inhibitor_PAQL _ProgSum_ 07-01-2025